![]() ![]() There definitely is a place for appeals to utility in moral reasoning. This is helpful, e.g., in taxation policies, so that we don’t have to re-run the calculus each time we consider a proposal. The latter looks at kinds of acts that, from experience, we know tend to maximize utility. The former focuses on individual acts the one that maximizes utility should be performed. There also is act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. For him, we should act to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number. But Mill realized some pleasures (e.g., intellectual ones) are better than others (e.g., sensual ones). He treated all pleasures and pains alike, focusing on the net quantity of pleasure. Bentham, Mill, and Moreīentham was a hedonistic utilitarian: what action maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain is right. Utilitarianism uses means-to-end reasoning to determine what is moral, based on the sum of an action’s consequences. ![]() Following the trend we’ve seen, they thought pleasures and pains, and benefits and harms, could be measured empirically. On utilitarianism, no morals are intrinsically right or wrong, or good or bad. ![]() Image by rdaconnect from Pixabay IntroductionĪfter Kant, the next major thinkers in the Enlightenment were the utilitarians. ![]()
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